• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    This invention relates to a sheet-like structure of polyurethane, which is capable of absorbing water vapor and transmitting water vapor, with a uniformly incorporated additive composed of solid particles of at least one swellable, modified polymer. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the sheet-like structure.
    公开号:SU973033A3
    申请号:SU772556496
    申请日:1977-12-21
    公开日:1982-11-07
    发明作者:Буш Вальтер；Хольст Арно；Фишер Вильхельм
    申请人:Хехст Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to polyurethane-based compositions for the production of sheet material, which is used in various technical fields, for example, as leather substitutes (artificial leather) for shoes, for making bags and suitcases, for upholstering furniture and for outerwear (leather). ).  A known polymeric composition for the production of sheet material, including polyurethane (PU) and a carbohydrate derivative, for example, water-soluble methyl sulphate or casein G However, the material obtained from the base is known. This composition possesses inadequate operational properties by the absorption of water vapor and vapor permeability.  The purpose of the invention is to increase the operational properties of the material.  The goal is achieved by the fact that the composition as a derivative of carbohydrates contains soluble by 9-50 weight. % in water crosslinked with bisacryl amyloacetic acid carboxymethic cellulose with the following ratio of components, weight. %: Polyurethane 70-90 A derivative of carbohydrates 10-30 Carboxyalkyl cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose) is prepared as follows.  Cellulosic materials are treated with the carboxyalkylation components of the reaction.  A water-soluble carboxyalkyl cellulose (KAC) is obtained with an average degree of substitution of more than 0.35 carboxyalkyl residues per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose.  However, such a SAC vol: is poor in terms of absorption and retention of liquids.  Such a portion of the carboxyalkylating components of the reaction and the by-products formed during the reaction are removed so that, with respect to the weight of the water-soluble carboxy-cell, they are left with at least 3 weight. %  The carboxyalkyl cellulose in the presence of the remaining carboxyl alkyl component and the reaction by-products is subjected to heat treatment.  It becomes water insoluble and its excellent properties in terms of absorption and retention of liquids.  The polyurethane material can be a self-supporting film, or it can be obtained by applying a layer or impregnating the base with natural or synthetic fibrous material, non-woven textile materials or synthetic resin webs.  The following bases are preferred for coating: woven or non-woven textile materials of one or more components, for example, synthetic fibers (polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylonitrile PVC, polyolefins, polyamino acids), glass fibers, regenerated fibers (viscose, acetate, etc.) n fibers, from natural fibers (cotton, silk, wool, flax and collagen, obtained by abrasion of priyudnoy skin), or sheet-like materials, which consist of one or several components, for example, synthetic resins (polyamides, polyester, polycrylonitrile, PVC polyolefins, polyamino acids), either from natural leather, from which the outer layer is removed, or from collagen, natural and synthetic rubbers, derived from leather.  The substrates may be coated by a method of plastering, applying a squeegee and pouring.  In this case, the polyurethane may already be present or obtained in the applied layer of prepolymer during or after the application.  It is especially expedient to obtain using the proposed composition cast materials in the reverse way, whereby first a reactive solution of a mixture of polyether-based isocyanate prepolymers (and / or polyether) - a polyol of diamines is applied onto a temporary carrier-carrier, and a layer that is still unreacted to the end impose one of the foundations.  Then the entire product is copied entirely.  As a polyisocyanate component in the proposed composition in polyurethane reactive systems, both unmodified and, preferably, modified polyisocyanates and / or interaction products are used which contain at least 2, preferably 2-4, reactive towards the isocyanates of the hydrogen atom.  In addition to compounds containing amino, thiol or carboxyl groups, it is to be understood as preferably water and high and / or low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds.  Suitable high molecular weight compounds are, for example, at least 2, preferably 2-4 hydroxyl groups containing polyethers, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyether amides with a molecular weight of 500-5000, preferably 800-3000, which are themselves used to produce homogeneous and microporous polyurethanes.   The polyesters containing hydroxyl groups are, for example, the products of the reaction of polyatomic, preferably diatomic and, under known conditions, additionally trivalent, alcohols with polybasic, preferably dibasic, carboxylic acids.  Instead of free polybasic carboxylic acids, it is also possible to draw in the corresponding polyhydric carboxylic acid anhydrides or the corresponding esters of polybasic carboxylic acids of lower alcohols or their mixture to produce polyesters.  Polybasic carboxylic acids may have a hydroxiphatic, cycloaliphatic aromatic and / or heterocyclic nature and, under certain conditions, for example due to halogen atoms, may be saturated and / or unsaturated.  As such acids can be used. ntatna, adipino  fatty acids (oleic acid) under known conditions in a mixture with monomeric fatty acids, dimethyl ester of terephthalic acid and bis-glycolic ester of terephthalic acid.  As polyhydric alcohols, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol- (1,2) and (1,3), butylene glycol- (1,4) and (2,3), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (1, 8), neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl cyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butan-triol- (1,2,4), trimethylol ethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methyl glycoside, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, and polybutylene glycols.  Polyesters may contain partially terminal carboxyl groups.  Complex polyesters from lactones, for example, caprolactone, or hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example sh-hydroxycaproic acid, are also used.  As polyethers use those that contain at least two, usually 2-8, preferably 2-3 hydroxyl groups. They are obtained, for example, by the polymerization of epoxides (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin, for example in the presence of BFj) or by addition of these epoxides under known conditions | In a mixture or sequentially to initiating components with reactive hydrogen atoms (water , alcohols or amines, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol- (1,3) or (1,2), trimetnlolpropane, 4,4-dioxy diphenylpropane, aniline, ammonia, ethano amine or ethylenediamine.  Use the same sucrose ethers.  Among polythioethers, thioglycol condensation products are preferred with themselves and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or a1 "1 alcohols.  Depending on the co-components, these are mixed polythioether, polyether ethers with polyether and polyether esters or polyether esters of polyether ethers and ester bonds.  For example, using polyacetals, compounds obtained from glycols (diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,.  4,4-Dioxyethoxydiphenyl dimethylmethane or hexanediol) and formaldehyde.  From the acetals that are cyclized during polymerization, it is also possible to obtain the proposed polyacetals.  As containing hydroxyl groups, polycarbonates are used, for example, the reaction products of diols (propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1.6), diethylene glycol, trizylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol) with diarylcarbonate, for example diphenyl carbonate or phosgene.  Amides of polyesters and polyamides are preferably linear condensates obtained from polybasic saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides with polyatomic saturated and unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and their mixtures.  Polyurethane containing urethane groups or urea groups are also applicable - and modified natural polyhydric alcohols (castor oil, carbohydrates, or redox).  The addition products of apkylene oxyls to fenschaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins are used.  The free isocyanate groups containing the products of the interaction of hexamethylenediocyanate, toluene diisocyanate and 1-isocistate-3-isocyanatomethyl-3, 5,5-triimethylcyclohexane with the compounds containing the active atols of hydrogen are preferred. From these reaction products, it is preferable to use prior to their use to obtain a sheet of material (for example, by distillation in a thin film evaporator) to remove excess volatile monomeric diisocyanates.  The compounds contained along with the polyisocyanates in the proposed 1x polyurethane reactive systems with reactive to isocyanate groups are aliphatic and / or aromatic polyamines and, under certain conditions, the additionally indicated high and / or low molecular weight polyhydroxylic compounds.  Suitable poly-1 strings are, for example, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine-1, 2 and 1,3,1,4-tetramethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, N, N-diisobutyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,11 -undecamethylene diamine, 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine, cyclobutane-1, 8-diamine, cyclohexane-1,3 - and 1, 4-diamine, as well as their mixtures, 1-amino-3, 5,5-trnmethyl-5-aminomethyl cyclohexane , 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediamine, as well as mixtures thereof; pergi dro- 2, 4-, and -4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane, p-xylidene diamine, bis- (3-aminopropyl) methylamine, and so on. d.  Hydrazine and substituted hydrazines are also used, for example, methylglucose, N, N-dimethylhydrazine and its peers, as well as acid dihydrazides, for example, carbodihydrazide, oxalic hydrazide, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic, dihydrazides, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic, dihydrazides, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic, dihydrazides of malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipine, and malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic, dihydrazides of malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic, dihydrazides of malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, p-methyl adipic; ; semicarbazidoglenylenhydrazides, for example, hydrazide of fV-semicarbazidopropionic acid.  as aromatic diamines, mention should be made, for example, of bis-anthrannic acid esters, 2,5- and 2,4-diaminobenoic acid esters containing the complex (f) and diamines of the group, as well as 3,3-dichloro-4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane , toluylenediamine, 4,4-diaminodiphenylmetre en 4,4-diamino-phenyldisulfide.  Both components of compositions 1 and 2 are intensively mixed in a two-component spray gun and ng1nos t to a temporary carrier conveyor.  Then you can either remove the self-supporting film after the components interact, or after about 1 tma, apply a base material (most often leather or nonwoven fabric).  Then, the finished multi-layered material from the base and the coating is separated from the trapaster.  Composition.  .  gj Component A Baycast (Bayer AG) - LPV + + 10% Methyl Ethnic Ketone Component 0 Baycast Hardener NTA 15% + 15% Dye + + 5% Baycast® - Liquid Co1 honets are mixed in a proportion of 180 parts A to 49 parts m B.  Particles from one modified, swelling, polymer with a bisacrylamidoacetic acid sugary carboxymethyl cellulose (KS) are advisable to add to component A and evenly distribute it.  Composition2.  Component A 80% solution of isocyanate prepolymer from toluene diisocyanate (80 wt.% 2,4- and 20 wt. % 2,6-isomer) and polyester from adipinoic acid, hexanediol and neoamylglycol (mol.  weight 1. 700) in toluene Component B A hardener from 200 h of toluylene for 300 h of methyl ethyl ketone 200 h of measles iron oxide pigment 50 h.  poly (ether) siloxane as a bottling aid.  Components are mixed in a proportion of 100 hours. A to 26.8 hours. Particles from at least one modified, swelling polymer CMC should be added to component A and evenly distributed in it.  A solution is prepared from a polyurethane prepolymer and, using the coagulation method, a PU coating is formed on a nonwoven base.  For the preparation of a solution of 565 wt. h  4,4-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate is reacted with 1. 435 weight, h.  polyester with O number 66 of adipic acid and dibutylene glycol at 75 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain a prepolymer containing approximately 6.2% NCO-rpynn, the prepolymer is dissolved in 5. 600 weight. h anhydrous dimethylformamide.  Under certain conditions, fillers can be added to this solution.  For example cellulose or soot.  About 75% by weight is added to this mixture. h  water and particles in at least one modified and swelling polymer and are evenly distributed therein.  The polyurethane solution containing additives prepared in this way, depending on the proportion of fillers, contains the total amount of solid matter, about 5–20%.  A mixture of at least one layer and the surface of the textile base (non-woven).  Polyuretics and by exposure to a precipitator that does not dissolve the polymer and additionally coagulate and coat the coated substrate and then dry.  To fabricate a material using the inventive composition, to process, for example, from polyurethane mixtures, one of the prepolymers or one of the other components, before molding, brushing or forming a layer by reacting the components, add at least one modified carbohydrate-derived component (CMC ), preferably in an amount of 10-30 weight. % of the total weight of the finished film or layer and evenly distributed in them.  The mixture is then applied with a brush or left to react.  It is possible to obtain a fas more dense (thicker) tilings by so-called shpittovani (t. e.  splitting a denser (thicker) product of a flat formula into two or more thinner products of a flat one) somewhat thinner layers.  The materials obtained from the proposed composition have the power to absorb and pass water vapor, which far exceeds the transport effect of the particles contained in the composition.  In addition, materials are also capable of releasing absorbed water vapor under certain conditions, for example, when kept under other conditions.  Since the specified material properties are based not only on before. If particles are at least one capable of swelling, a crosslinked carbohydrate derivative (CMC), but also depend on the thickness of the film or coating, it is advisable to make the product with a thickness of about 0.05-0.5 mm.  The materials of the proposed composition are suitable, for example, as a self-supporting film or as a poke {K2ti based, in particular as leatherette (artificial leather) for shoe upper, for making bags and suitcases, for upholstering furniture and for outerwear (leather and leather). clothes for any weather). - The ability to retain water (WRV) capable of swelling the modified polymer in weight;% is measured in relation to the 2000-fold acceleration of gravity to its water-insoluble part.  Determined by dipping the sample into water.  WUA - water-insoluble part in a sweat-modified modified polymer, wt. %  The degree of substitution DS is the number of vgm hydroxyl groups in the anhydrous units. -O-glucose, 0.0-3.0.  The absorption capacity (SV) is capable of swelling the modified polymer for a 1% weight solution. % relative to its total weight is determined by the absorption of a 1% aqueous solution of NaOE with a sample, up to a saturation.  Water absorption (WA) is determined by lowering the sample into water.  Vapor permeability (WDDppj) is defined as follows.  Inside the equipment, the temperature is maintained at 32fC, above the sample, the ambient temperature is observed (if nothing else is indicated, 20 C / b5% relative humidity).  It can always be constant due to the gentle flow of air from the fan placed above the appliance.  The free surface of the sample is 10 cm.  Inside the equipment, the water with temperature and the atmosphere saturated with water vapor above it are kept constant by a magnetic stirrer.  The determination of vapor permeability is carried out by determining the weight gain of the test instrument together with the sample.  Vapor permeability is indicated by mg / cm X h x in most cases, it means 1, but a bug is equal to 8 or 24).  Vapor permeability (WDD,) is determined by gravimetric method.  The adsorbent cup is sealed with a sample with some wax and stored in a humid climate.  The amount of water vapor that penetrates the sample is calculated from the increase. cup weight, if only this increase occurs linearly in time.  Permeability according to this standard is the amount of water vapor in grams, which is 24 hours (1 day) under specified conditions (temperature, drop.  air humidity) penetrates 1 meter of sample surface.  The 6% steam vapor absorption (WDA) is carried out simultaneously with the vapor permeability measurement.  The determination is made by measuring the sample weight gain.  Unless otherwise specified, the sample is permeable to the surrounding medium, t. e.  it is not closed. The measurement of the fatigue limit during repeated bending of lightweight leathers and their upper layers is carried out as follows.  The skin sample is folded and, in this state, is clamped at both ends in a test instrument.  Od, on the terminal stationary. , the friend is moving back and forth, due to which the fold (fold) becomes more complex and shifts.  A skin sample is periodically inspected to determine if it has been damaged.  The test can be carried out using dried, conditioned or in a specific way. moisture-.  samples.  Dry experience serves to test the skin and evaluate its finish.  WET EXPERIENCE serves only to evaluate the finish.  Tensile Strength T is a quotient of dim. Maximum measured force in kgf per initial sample cross section c. .  Example 1  Three different swelling, modified polymers (a crosslinked carbohydrate derivative — CMC) are tested for several Days in a wetting cycle.  A certain co. The amount of polymer is first placed at least 24 hours in the natural climate (temperature 23 ° C, relative humidity 50%). and weighed.  Then the polymer sample is 8.0 hours in a humid climate (temperature, relative humidity 100%).  it is weighed, and then for 16.0 hours it is again at ambient temperature (23 ° C, relative humidity of air 50%) and weighed again.  From a comparison of the individual wetting cycles, it follows that absorbed moisture by appropriate, able to swell, modified polymer (KSH) moisture can always be reverted again under certain conditions.  This property is of great importance, for example, for using these polymers as a material for the top.  shoes, films or other flat-shaped products.  So, for example, when the shoe is worn, the upper humidity of the shoe material is associated with a certain humidity.  During the release (for example, during the night) the material of the shoe upper must again release this moisture into the environment.  Examples 2-9.  Tensile strength at break (fg), flexural strength, water vapor absorption (WDA) and vapor permeability (WDDppj) of four different nonwoven materials used as the basis for synthetic leather upper (2-5}, and compared with the corresponding values of polyurethane coatings with the addition of a swelling capable modified polymer - CMC (Table 1 and 2).  Specified in determining Fg
    laziness
    differ in order.
    that their guide axes make an angle of 90 °. In comparative examples, l-3 gives values for aniline leather (1), unmodified polyurethane material for the upper of the shoe (2), and covered leather (3).
    Examples 10-19. Water vapor absorption (WDA) vapor permeability (WpDpp) of polyurethane films of various thicknesses (Examples 10-17) with the addition of swelling-modified polymeric CMC (Table 3) is determined. In Examples 18 and 19, the proposed polyurethane coating with a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm was applied to the spatted leather as a carrier, with the specimen of the sprinkled leather in Example 18 being outside the device for determination, and in Example 19 - inside the device. After 200 thousand bends of the last specified sample, there are no such defects, at temperature, after 50 thousand bends, there are no defects either.
    Examples 20 and 21. Water vapor absorption (WDA) and vapor permeability (WDDpp of various thicknesses of polyurethane films with or without a modified, swelling polymer, CMC) are examined (Table 4).
    Example 20: Polyurethane film (split off from a thick film) without dye additives, with a part of Csm from modified, swelling, polymer - 1 CMC.
    Example 21 Polyurethane Film (Made Directly
    Example
    No additive
    I I I I
    I 1 I I
    10 wt.% Crosslinked bisacrylamidacetic acid carboxymethyl cellulose with a DS of 1.02; WRV 542; WUA 83.8 SV 1,130 with a particle size of $ 125 microns
    this thickness) without the addition of a dye with particles of a modified, swelling capable polymer — CMC. ,
    PRI me R 4. Polyurethane film (split off from a thick film) without the addition of dye and polymer particles.
    PRI me R 5. Polyurethane film (made directly of this thickness) without the addition of dye and polymer particles.
    Examples 22-24. The moisture content of the polyurethane film or polyurethane layer on a carrier with or without the addition of a modified, swelling-capable KSCH polymer is determined at different relative humidity at. Samples before measurement for 24 hours are placed at a relative humidity of 65% and then the corresponding humidity is created for them and weighed (Table 5).
    PRI me R 22. Black Polyurethane film with the addition of particles of a modified, swelling polymer. (CMC).
    Example 23. Polyurethane film without the addition of a dye, but with the addition of particles of a modified, swelling polymer (CMC).
    Example polyurethane film without the addition of dye and polymer particles.
    PRI me R 24. Black polyurethane layer with the addition of particles of a modified, able to swell, polymer (CMC) "and a fibrous non-woven base.
    The results of the tests in examples 27-30 are given in table 6.
    Thus, the inventive composition provides a material with improved hygienic and performance properties.
    Table 1
    Layer thickness, mm
    0.44
    Continued table. one
    I I I
    1L
    - # a,
    4 tn rH
    1L U
    CN
    , H
    "


    ABOUT
    00
    CO
    "I 00
    CN
    15 wt.% Crosslinked bisacrylamidacetic acid carboxymethylcellulose with DSl, 02f WRV 542; WUA 83.8; SV 1,130 with a value of 125 / |
    0
    15 wt.% Crosslinked bisacryl- 0.37
    yo-dooacetic acid
    carboxymethylcellulose
    with DS 1.02; WRV 542;
    WUA 83.8; SV 1,130
    with the size of the part
    ij 125y "
    Same0.71
    21 .g
    No additives0.38
    , 80
    Table 3
    1.81
    14.44
    0.27
    6.11
    13.75 1.72
    0.88 17.02
    6.10 0.76
    12.25 3.89 0.49 2.16 3.12 0.39 1.32
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. The patent of France 1462597, cl. C 08 F, pub. 1966 (prototype
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE862142A|1978-06-21|
    FR2375299A1|1978-07-21|
    PT67437B|1979-05-23|
    PT67437A|1978-01-01|
    SE7714553L|1978-06-25|
    US4181637A|1980-01-01|
    ZA777625B|1978-11-29|
    JPS5380459A|1978-07-15|
    DK573877A|1978-06-25|
    RO73984A|1981-03-30|
    LU76474A1|1978-07-10|
    CA1099048A|1981-04-07|
    FR2375299B1|1981-08-28|
    DE2756671A1|1978-06-29|
    YU305877A|1982-08-31|
    DD133683A5|1979-01-17|
    NL7714268A|1978-06-27|
    CS209499B2|1981-12-31|
    AU3190977A|1979-06-28|
    PL203251A1|1978-07-31|
    IT1093083B|1985-07-19|
    HU175753B|1980-10-28|
    FI773904A|1978-06-25|
    PL110647B1|1980-07-31|
    GB1600249A|1981-10-14|
    ES465356A1|1979-01-01|
    DE2756671C2|1982-09-16|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    LU76474A|LU76474A1|1976-12-24|1976-12-24|
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